Introduction
Black Maternal Health
Mental Health Disparities Among Women of Color
Domestic Violence
Food Sovereignty Among Indigenous Women
Undocumented Women's Health Experiences
Healthcare Barriers for the LGBTQ2S+ Community​
Conclusion
Statements of Recognition
Acknowledgements
Bibliography

Bibliography

  1. Abrams, Jasmine A., Ashley Hill, and Morgan Maxwell. “Underneath the Mask of the Strong Black Woman Schema: Disentangling Influences of Strength and Self-Silencing on Depressive Symptoms among U.S. Black Women.” Sex Roles 80 (2019): 517–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0956-y. 
  2. Artiga, Samantha, and Maria Diaz. “Health Coverage and Care of Undocumented Immigrants.” KFF, July 15, 2019. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/health-coverage-and-care-of-undocumented-immigrants/. 
  3. Artiga, Samantha, Latoya Hill, Kendal Orgera, and Anthony Damico. “Health Coverage by Race and Ethnicity, 2010-2019.” KFF, July 16, 2021. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/health-coverage-by-race-and-ethnicity/. 
  4. “Black Women’s Maternal Health:” Accessed June 11, 2021. http://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/health/reports/black-womens-maternal-health.html. 
  5. Blue Bird Jernigan, Valarie, Marianna S. Wetherill, Jordan Hearod, Tvli Jacob, Alicia L. Salvatore, Tamela Cannady, Mandy Grammar, et al. “Food Insecurity and Chronic Diseases among American Indians in Rural Oklahoma: The Thrive Study.” American Journal of Public Health 107, no. 3 (March 2017): 441–46. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303605. 
  6. Buche, Jessica, Angela J. Beck, and Phillip M. Singer. “Factors Impacting the Development of a Diverse Behavioral Health Workforce .” Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, February 2017. https://behavioralhealthworkforce.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FA2P1_Workforce-Diversity_Final-Report.pdf. 
  7. Castaneda, Ruben. “Where Can Undocumented Immigrants Go for Health Care?” U.S. News, November 2, 2016. https://health.usnews.com/wellness/articles/2016-11-02/where-can-undocumented-immigrants-go-for-health-care. 
  8. Chandler, Quinton. “Advocates: Pandemic Made Domestic Violence Worse in Oklahoma.” StateImpact Oklahoma. NPR, March 11, 2021. https://stateimpact.npr.org/oklahoma/2021/03/11/advocates-pandemic-made-domestic-violence-worse-in-oklahoma/. 
  9. Cherokee Nation Seed Bank , n.d. https://secure.cherokee.org/SeedBank/Home/Index. 
  10. Damico, Anthony. “Changes in Health Coverage by Race and Ethnicity since the ACA, 2010-2018.” KFF (blog), n.d. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/changes-in-health-coverage-by-race-and-ethnicity-since-the-aca-2010-2018/. 
  11. “Data Lookbook Volume 2.” Metriarch, 2021. https://www.metriarchok.org/catalogs/. 
  12. Dawson, Lindsey, Brittni Frederiksen, Michelle Long, Usha Ranji, and Jennifer Kates. “LGBT+ People’s Health and Experiences Accessing Care .” KFF, July 22, 2021. https://www.kff.org/report-section/lgbt-peoples-health-and-experiences-accessing-care-report/. 
  13. Dean, Sohni V., Ayesha M. Imam, Zohra S. Lassi, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. “Importance of Intervening in the Preconception Period to Impact Pregnancy Outcomes.” In Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, edited by J. Bhatia, Z.A. Bhutta, and S.C. Kalhan, 74:63–73. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1159/000348402. 
  14. “Domestic Violence in Oklahoma.” National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2019. https://assets.speakcdn.com/assets/2497/oklahoma_revised_fc_.pdf. 
  15. Echo-Hawk, Deb. “Pawnee Seed Preservation Project Title VI Elder Meals Program.” Seeds of Native Health, n.d. https://seedsofnativehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Deb-PowerPoint-2018-compressed.pdf. 
  16. “The Farm Bill and Indian Country: Assessing the Present and Looking Ahead (Policy Recommendations for the Federal Government).” National Congress of American Indians, December 2020. https://www.ncai.org/farmbillbrief.pdf. 
  17. Ganley, Anne L. “Understanding Domestic Violence,” 1995. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.192.3006&rep=rep1&type=pdf. 
  18. Geronimus, AT. “The Weathering Hypothesis and the Health of African-American Women and Infants: Evidence and Speculations.” Ethnicity and Disease 2, no. 3 (January 1, 1992): 207–21. 
  19. Gupta, Arpana, and Dawn M. Szymanski. “The ‘Model Minority Myth’: Internalized Racialism of Positive Stereotypes as Correlates of Psychological Distress, and Attitudes Toward Help-Seeking.” Asian American Journal of Psychology 2, no. 2 (2011): 101–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024183. 
  20. Hoover, Elizabeth M. “Mvskoke Food Sovereignty Initiative (MFSI), Muscogee Creek Nation, Okmulgee OK.” From Garden Warriors to Good Seeds: Indigenizing the Local Food Movement, June 8, 2014. https://gardenwarriorsgoodseeds.com/2014/06/08/mvskoke-food-sovereignty-initiative-mfsi-muscogee-creek-nation-okmulgee-ok/. 
  21. “Immigrants in Oklahoma.” American Immigration Council, August 6, 2020. https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigrants-in-oklahoma. 
  22. KFF. “State Profiles for Women’s Health.” KFF, January 15, 2021. https://www.kff.org/interactive/womens-health-profiles/?activeState=Oklahoma&activeCategoryIndex=0&activeView=data. 
  23. KFF. “Women Who Report Having No Personal Doctor/Health Care Provider by Race/Ethnicity.” KFF, n.d. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/state-indicator/females-report-no-personal-doctor-by-race-ethnicity/. 
  24. KFF. “Women Who Report Not Seeing a Doctor in the Past 12 Months Due to Cost by Race/Ethnicity.” KFF, n.d. https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/state-indicator/females-who-did-not-see-a-doctor-in-the-past-12-months-due-to-cost-by-raceethnicity/. 
  25. “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health.” Healthy People 2020, n.d. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-health#:~:text=Research%20suggests%20that%20LGBT%20individuals,%2C2%2C%203%20and%20suicide. 
  26. “LGBTQ+ Health Disparities.” Cigna, May 2021. https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/health-wellness/lgbt-disparities. 
  27. Lin, Luona, Karen Stamm, and Peggy Christidis. “How Diverse Is the Psychology Workforce?” American Psychological Association, February 2018. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/02/datapoint. 
  28. Love, Charlotte V, Tori E Taniguchi, Mary B Williams, Carolyn J Noonan, Marianna S Wetherill, Alicia L Salvatore, Tvli Jacob, et al. “Diabetes and Obesity Associated with Poor Food Environments in American Indian Communities: The Thrive Study.” Current Developments in Nutrition 3 (December 5, 2018): 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzy099. 
  29. “Maternal Mortality in Oklahoma, 2004-2018.” Oklahoma State Department of Health Maternal Mortality Review Committee, 2020. https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/health/health2/aem-documents/family-health/maternal-and-child-health/maternal-mortality/annual-mmrc-report.pdf. 
  30. Matthew, Richard V. Reeves and Dayna Bowen. “6 Charts Showing Race Gaps within the American Middle Class.” Brookings (blog), October 21, 2016. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/social-mobility-memos/2016/10/21/6-charts-showing-race-gaps-within-the-american-middle-class/. 
  31. Mental Health America. “Ranking the States.” Accessed June 8, 2021. https://www.mhanational.org/issues/ranking-states. 
  32. Mihesuah, Devon. “Searching for Haknip Achukma (Good Health): Challenges to Food Sovereignty Initiatives in Oklahoma.” American Indian Culture and Research Journal 41, no. 3 (2017): 9–30. https://doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.41.3.mihesuah. 
  33. Mihesuah, Devon A., and Elizabeth Hoover, eds. Indigenous Food Sovereignty in the United States: Restoring Cultural Knowledge, Protecting Environments, and Regaining Health. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019. 
  34. Nadeem, Erum, Jane M. Lange, Dawn Edge, Marie Fongwa, Tom Belin, and Jeanne Miranda. “Does Stigma Keep Poor Young Immigrant and U.S.-Born Black and Latina Women From Seeking Mental Health Care?” Psychiatric Services 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1547–54. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2007.58.12.1547. 
  35. Nay, E.D.E. “The Prism Project: Tulsa’s Sexual and Gender Minority Needs Report.” Tulsa Reaches Out, Hope Research Center, 2019. https://link.ou.edu/tulsa-lgbtq. 
  36. “NIMH » Mental Illness.” Accessed June 8, 2021. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness. 
  37. “Oklahoma African American Maternal Child Health Data Review.” Oklahoma State Department of Health, August 26, 2019. https://www.ok.gov/health2/documents/African%20American%20Maternal%20and%20Child%20Health%20Data%20Review_August%202019.pdf. 
  38. “Oklahoma’s Equality Profile.” Movement Advancement Project, n.d. https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/profile_state/OK. 
  39. Olbert, Charles M., Arundati Nagendra, and Benjamin Buck. “Meta-Analysis of Black vs. White Racial Disparity in Schizophrenia Diagnosis in the United States: Do Structured Assessments Attenuate Racial Disparities?” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 127, no. 1 (January 2018): 104–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000309. 
  40. Potter, Lucy C, Richard Morris, Kelsey Hegarty, Claudia García-Moreno, and Gene Feder. “Categories and Health Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence in the World Health Organization Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence.” International Journal of Epidemiology 50, no. 2 (April 2021): 652–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa220. 
  41. “Pregnancy Services.” Oklahoma Health Care Authority, n.d. https://oklahoma.gov/ohca/individuals/programs/pregnancy-services/pregnancy-services1.html. 
  42. “Racial Disparities.” Healthy Minds Policy Initiative , n.d. https://www.healthymindspolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/HMO-One-Pager-Racial-Disparities-FINAL.pdf. 
  43. Rahman, Nadhia. “U.S. Health Care: Undocumented Immigrants Shut Out.” New Labor Forum. City University of New York School of Labor and Urban Studies, April 2021. https://newlaborforum.cuny.edu/2021/04/30/undocumented-immigrants-shut-out/. 
  44. Roeder, Amy. “America Is Failing Its Black Mothers.” Harvard Public Health Magazine. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Winter 2019. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/america-is-failing-its-black-mothers/. 
  45. Samra, Shamsher, Breena Taira, Erika Pinheiro, Rebecca Trotzky-Sirr, and Todd Schneberk. “Undocumented Patients in the Emergency Department: Challenges and Opportunities.” Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 20, Issue 5 20, no. 5 (August 12, 2019): 791–98. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.7.41489. 
  46. “Section 1557 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.” HHS.gov. US Department of Health and Human Services, n.d. https://www.hhs.gov/civil-rights/for-individuals/section-1557/index.html. 
  47. Sokoloff, Natalie J., and Ida Dupont. “Domestic Violence at the Intersections of Race, Class, and Gender.” Violence Against Women 11, no. 1 (January 2005): 38–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801204271476. 
  48. Stewart, Sarah. “Your Turn: It’s Time to Act against Domestic Violence in Oklahoma.” The Oklahoman, May 19, 2021. https://www.oklahoman.com/story/opinion/2021/05/19/your-turn-oklahoma-needs-stricter-laws-against-domestic-abuse/5137685001/. 
  49. Taylor, Jamila, and Christy M. Gamble. “Suffering in Silence.” Center for American Progress. Accessed June 8, 2021. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/reports/2017/11/17/443051/suffering-in-silence/. 
  50. Thoreson, Ryan. “Oklahoma Wants to Make Gender-Affirming Care a Crime.” Human Rights Watch, January 26, 2021. https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/01/26/oklahoma-wants-make-gender-affirming-care-crime#. 
  51. “Tribal Governance Innovation Spotlight (Food Sovereignty): Osage Nation.” National Congress of American Indians, 2020. https://www.ncai.org/ptg/Osage.Nation.Case.Study.pdf. 
  52. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.17226/12875.

MENU

Bibliography

  1. Abrams, Jasmine A., Ashley Hill, and Morgan Maxwell. “Underneath the Mask of the Strong Black Woman Schema: Disentangling Influences of Strength and Self-Silencing on Depressive Symptoms among U.S. Black Women.” Sex Roles 80 (2019): 517–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0956-y. 
  2. Artiga, Samantha, and Maria Diaz. “Health Coverage and Care of Undocumented Immigrants.” KFF, July 15, 2019. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/health-coverage-and-care-of-undocumented-immigrants/. 
  3. Artiga, Samantha, Latoya Hill, Kendal Orgera, and Anthony Damico. “Health Coverage by Race and Ethnicity, 2010-2019.” KFF, July 16, 2021. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/health-coverage-by-race-and-ethnicity/. 
  4. “Black Women’s Maternal Health:” Accessed June 11, 2021. http://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/health/reports/black-womens-maternal-health.html. 
  5. Blue Bird Jernigan, Valarie, Marianna S. Wetherill, Jordan Hearod, Tvli Jacob, Alicia L. Salvatore, Tamela Cannady, Mandy Grammar, et al. “Food Insecurity and Chronic Diseases among American Indians in Rural Oklahoma: The Thrive Study.” American Journal of Public Health 107, no. 3 (March 2017): 441–46. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303605. 
  6. Buche, Jessica, Angela J. Beck, and Phillip M. Singer. “Factors Impacting the Development of a Diverse Behavioral Health Workforce .” Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, February 2017. https://behavioralhealthworkforce.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FA2P1_Workforce-Diversity_Final-Report.pdf. 
  7. Castaneda, Ruben. “Where Can Undocumented Immigrants Go for Health Care?” U.S. News, November 2, 2016. https://health.usnews.com/wellness/articles/2016-11-02/where-can-undocumented-immigrants-go-for-health-care. 
  8. Chandler, Quinton. “Advocates: Pandemic Made Domestic Violence Worse in Oklahoma.” StateImpact Oklahoma. NPR, March 11, 2021. https://stateimpact.npr.org/oklahoma/2021/03/11/advocates-pandemic-made-domestic-violence-worse-in-oklahoma/. 
  9. Cherokee Nation Seed Bank , n.d. https://secure.cherokee.org/SeedBank/Home/Index. 
  10. Damico, Anthony. “Changes in Health Coverage by Race and Ethnicity since the ACA, 2010-2018.” KFF (blog), n.d. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/changes-in-health-coverage-by-race-and-ethnicity-since-the-aca-2010-2018/. 
  11. “Data Lookbook Volume 2.” Metriarch, 2021. https://www.metriarchok.org/catalogs/. 
  12. Dawson, Lindsey, Brittni Frederiksen, Michelle Long, Usha Ranji, and Jennifer Kates. “LGBT+ People’s Health and Experiences Accessing Care .” KFF, July 22, 2021. https://www.kff.org/report-section/lgbt-peoples-health-and-experiences-accessing-care-report/. 
  13. Dean, Sohni V., Ayesha M. Imam, Zohra S. Lassi, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. “Importance of Intervening in the Preconception Period to Impact Pregnancy Outcomes.” In Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, edited by J. Bhatia, Z.A. Bhutta, and S.C. Kalhan, 74:63–73. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1159/000348402. 
  14. “Domestic Violence in Oklahoma.” National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2019. https://assets.speakcdn.com/assets/2497/oklahoma_revised_fc_.pdf. 
  15. Echo-Hawk, Deb. “Pawnee Seed Preservation Project Title VI Elder Meals Program.” Seeds of Native Health, n.d. https://seedsofnativehealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Deb-PowerPoint-2018-compressed.pdf. 
  16. “The Farm Bill and Indian Country: Assessing the Present and Looking Ahead (Policy Recommendations for the Federal Government).” National Congress of American Indians, December 2020. https://www.ncai.org/farmbillbrief.pdf. 
  17. Ganley, Anne L. “Understanding Domestic Violence,” 1995. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.192.3006&rep=rep1&type=pdf. 
  18. Geronimus, AT. “The Weathering Hypothesis and the Health of African-American Women and Infants: Evidence and Speculations.” Ethnicity and Disease 2, no. 3 (January 1, 1992): 207–21. 
  19. Gupta, Arpana, and Dawn M. Szymanski. “The ‘Model Minority Myth’: Internalized Racialism of Positive Stereotypes as Correlates of Psychological Distress, and Attitudes Toward Help-Seeking.” Asian American Journal of Psychology 2, no. 2 (2011): 101–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024183. 
  20. Hoover, Elizabeth M. “Mvskoke Food Sovereignty Initiative (MFSI), Muscogee Creek Nation, Okmulgee OK.” From Garden Warriors to Good Seeds: Indigenizing the Local Food Movement, June 8, 2014. https://gardenwarriorsgoodseeds.com/2014/06/08/mvskoke-food-sovereignty-initiative-mfsi-muscogee-creek-nation-okmulgee-ok/. 
  21. “Immigrants in Oklahoma.” American Immigration Council, August 6, 2020. https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/immigrants-in-oklahoma. 
  22. KFF. “State Profiles for Women’s Health.” KFF, January 15, 2021. https://www.kff.org/interactive/womens-health-profiles/?activeState=Oklahoma&activeCategoryIndex=0&activeView=data. 
  23. KFF. “Women Who Report Having No Personal Doctor/Health Care Provider by Race/Ethnicity.” KFF, n.d. https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/state-indicator/females-report-no-personal-doctor-by-race-ethnicity/. 
  24. KFF. “Women Who Report Not Seeing a Doctor in the Past 12 Months Due to Cost by Race/Ethnicity.” KFF, n.d. https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/state-indicator/females-who-did-not-see-a-doctor-in-the-past-12-months-due-to-cost-by-raceethnicity/. 
  25. “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health.” Healthy People 2020, n.d. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-health#:~:text=Research%20suggests%20that%20LGBT%20individuals,%2C2%2C%203%20and%20suicide. 
  26. “LGBTQ+ Health Disparities.” Cigna, May 2021. https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/health-wellness/lgbt-disparities. 
  27. Lin, Luona, Karen Stamm, and Peggy Christidis. “How Diverse Is the Psychology Workforce?” American Psychological Association, February 2018. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/02/datapoint. 
  28. Love, Charlotte V, Tori E Taniguchi, Mary B Williams, Carolyn J Noonan, Marianna S Wetherill, Alicia L Salvatore, Tvli Jacob, et al. “Diabetes and Obesity Associated with Poor Food Environments in American Indian Communities: The Thrive Study.” Current Developments in Nutrition 3 (December 5, 2018): 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzy099. 
  29. “Maternal Mortality in Oklahoma, 2004-2018.” Oklahoma State Department of Health Maternal Mortality Review Committee, 2020. https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/health/health2/aem-documents/family-health/maternal-and-child-health/maternal-mortality/annual-mmrc-report.pdf. 
  30. Matthew, Richard V. Reeves and Dayna Bowen. “6 Charts Showing Race Gaps within the American Middle Class.” Brookings (blog), October 21, 2016. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/social-mobility-memos/2016/10/21/6-charts-showing-race-gaps-within-the-american-middle-class/. 
  31. Mental Health America. “Ranking the States.” Accessed June 8, 2021. https://www.mhanational.org/issues/ranking-states. 
  32. Mihesuah, Devon. “Searching for Haknip Achukma (Good Health): Challenges to Food Sovereignty Initiatives in Oklahoma.” American Indian Culture and Research Journal 41, no. 3 (2017): 9–30. https://doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.41.3.mihesuah. 
  33. Mihesuah, Devon A., and Elizabeth Hoover, eds. Indigenous Food Sovereignty in the United States: Restoring Cultural Knowledge, Protecting Environments, and Regaining Health. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019. 
  34. Nadeem, Erum, Jane M. Lange, Dawn Edge, Marie Fongwa, Tom Belin, and Jeanne Miranda. “Does Stigma Keep Poor Young Immigrant and U.S.-Born Black and Latina Women From Seeking Mental Health Care?” Psychiatric Services 58, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1547–54. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2007.58.12.1547. 
  35. Nay, E.D.E. “The Prism Project: Tulsa’s Sexual and Gender Minority Needs Report.” Tulsa Reaches Out, Hope Research Center, 2019. https://link.ou.edu/tulsa-lgbtq. 
  36. “NIMH » Mental Illness.” Accessed June 8, 2021. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/mental-illness. 
  37. “Oklahoma African American Maternal Child Health Data Review.” Oklahoma State Department of Health, August 26, 2019. https://www.ok.gov/health2/documents/African%20American%20Maternal%20and%20Child%20Health%20Data%20Review_August%202019.pdf. 
  38. “Oklahoma’s Equality Profile.” Movement Advancement Project, n.d. https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/profile_state/OK. 
  39. Olbert, Charles M., Arundati Nagendra, and Benjamin Buck. “Meta-Analysis of Black vs. White Racial Disparity in Schizophrenia Diagnosis in the United States: Do Structured Assessments Attenuate Racial Disparities?” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 127, no. 1 (January 2018): 104–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000309. 
  40. Potter, Lucy C, Richard Morris, Kelsey Hegarty, Claudia García-Moreno, and Gene Feder. “Categories and Health Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence in the World Health Organization Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence.” International Journal of Epidemiology 50, no. 2 (April 2021): 652–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa220. 
  41. “Pregnancy Services.” Oklahoma Health Care Authority, n.d. https://oklahoma.gov/ohca/individuals/programs/pregnancy-services/pregnancy-services1.html. 
  42. “Racial Disparities.” Healthy Minds Policy Initiative , n.d. https://www.healthymindspolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/HMO-One-Pager-Racial-Disparities-FINAL.pdf. 
  43. Rahman, Nadhia. “U.S. Health Care: Undocumented Immigrants Shut Out.” New Labor Forum. City University of New York School of Labor and Urban Studies, April 2021. https://newlaborforum.cuny.edu/2021/04/30/undocumented-immigrants-shut-out/. 
  44. Roeder, Amy. “America Is Failing Its Black Mothers.” Harvard Public Health Magazine. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Winter 2019. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/america-is-failing-its-black-mothers/. 
  45. Samra, Shamsher, Breena Taira, Erika Pinheiro, Rebecca Trotzky-Sirr, and Todd Schneberk. “Undocumented Patients in the Emergency Department: Challenges and Opportunities.” Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, Volume 20, Issue 5 20, no. 5 (August 12, 2019): 791–98. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.7.41489. 
  46. “Section 1557 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.” HHS.gov. US Department of Health and Human Services, n.d. https://www.hhs.gov/civil-rights/for-individuals/section-1557/index.html. 
  47. Sokoloff, Natalie J., and Ida Dupont. “Domestic Violence at the Intersections of Race, Class, and Gender.” Violence Against Women 11, no. 1 (January 2005): 38–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801204271476. 
  48. Stewart, Sarah. “Your Turn: It’s Time to Act against Domestic Violence in Oklahoma.” The Oklahoman, May 19, 2021. https://www.oklahoman.com/story/opinion/2021/05/19/your-turn-oklahoma-needs-stricter-laws-against-domestic-abuse/5137685001/. 
  49. Taylor, Jamila, and Christy M. Gamble. “Suffering in Silence.” Center for American Progress. Accessed June 8, 2021. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/reports/2017/11/17/443051/suffering-in-silence/. 
  50. Thoreson, Ryan. “Oklahoma Wants to Make Gender-Affirming Care a Crime.” Human Rights Watch, January 26, 2021. https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/01/26/oklahoma-wants-make-gender-affirming-care-crime#. 
  51. “Tribal Governance Innovation Spotlight (Food Sovereignty): Osage Nation.” National Congress of American Indians, 2020. https://www.ncai.org/ptg/Osage.Nation.Case.Study.pdf. 
  52. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.17226/12875.
Introduction
Black Maternal Health
Mental Health Disparities Among Women of Color
Domestic Violence
Food Sovereignty Among Indigenous Women
Undocumented Women's Health Experiences
Healthcare Barriers for the LGBTQ2S+ Community​
Conclusion
Statements of Recognition
Acknowledgements
Bibliography
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